My boss fired me without cause, but he’s coming up with various excuses not to pay my compensation. Frankly, this is the first time something like this has happened to me, and I don’t know my legal rights well. I’m unsure about what the outcome would be if I filed a lawsuit and who would deal with it. Do you think it’s worth it?
I experienced the same situation, honestly I couldn’t sleep during that time. They didn’t show any reason or anything for the mobbing, but I filed a lawsuit. They said it was a justified dismissal, and I received my compensation after 8 months. I think it’s worth the effort; even if the courthouse is in a small place, the labor court takes it a bit more seriously.
My dad also went through something similar in the past. He initially resisted a lot to avoid dealing with labor courts, but he found a lawyer and resolved it through mediation. The date you were fired is very important; it should be no more than a month for the lawsuit.
Sorry, but I definitely don’t think you’ve told the whole story. Bosses don’t just fire people without a reason in these matters. So if you haven’t received one or two warnings, it doesn’t work that way. Everyone thinks they’re a hundred percent right anyway. 
Now, mediation has become a prerequisite in compensation-related processes, just so you know. You must apply to a mediator before filing a lawsuit in the labor court. If it can’t be resolved from there, you can file a lawsuit — you need to be careful not to miss the deadline. These matters are a bit tedious, but I’m telling you so you don’t lose your rights.
I’ll make an update. Actually, the place I was working at wasn’t an official company; I got in through some acquaintances, and it was a bit smaller scale. But I had been there for years and was working with insurance, still not sure if I have any rights. They used performance as an excuse, but there’s nothing in writing.
Actually, they can’t just fire you like that since it’s not in writing. But in small places, as you said, these things can be difficult. Even if you take it to court, it can take some time. Nobody writes anything down, but there are plenty of ways to prove it. You can find a solution with a lawyer.